Agent Frameworks Comparison (2025)

This document provides a comprehensive comparison of popular AI agent frameworks and SDKs as of 2025.

Framework Overview

Framework	Organization	GitHub Stars	Language	License
LangChain	LangChain	100k+	Python, JS	MIT
LangGraph	LangChain	14k+	Python, JS	MIT
OpenAI Agents SDK	OpenAI	11k+	Python, TS	MIT
AutoGen	Microsoft	45k+	Python, .NET	MIT
Semantic Kernel	Microsoft	25k+	Python, C#, Java	MIT
CrewAI	CrewAI	25k+	Python	MIT
Phidata/Agno	Phidata	18k+	Python	MIT
smolagents	HuggingFace	15k+	Python	Apache 2.0
Pydantic AI	Pydantic	10k+	Python	MIT
Google ADK	Google	8k+	Python, TS, Java	Apache 2.0
LlamaIndex	LlamaIndex	40k+	Python, TS	MIT
Haystack	deepset	18k+	Python	Apache 2.0
AWS Strands	AWS	3k+	Python, TS	Apache 2.0
Claude Agent SDK	Anthropic	New	Python, TS	MIT
IBM BeeAI	IBM/Linux Foundation	3k+	Python, TS	Apache 2.0
Letta/MemGPT	Letta	12k+	Python	Apache 2.0
CAMEL-AI	CAMEL-AI	6k+	Python	Apache 2.0
Dify	Dify	60k+	Python, TS	Apache 2.0
Flowise	Flowise (Workday)	35k+	JS/TS	Apache 2.0
Langflow	Langflow	40k+	Python	MIT

Built-in Tools Comparison

OpenAI Agents SDK

Category	Tools
Hosted	WebSearchTool, FileSearchTool, CodeInterpreterTool, ImageGenerationTool, HostedMCPTool
Local	ComputerTool, ShellTool, ApplyPatchTool, FunctionTool

HuggingFace smolagents

Category	Tools
Search	DuckDuckGoSearchTool, GoogleSearchTool, ApiWebSearchTool, WebSearchTool, WikipediaSearchTool
Web	VisitWebpageTool
Code	PythonInterpreterTool
User	UserInputTool, FinalAnswerTool
Audio	SpeechToTextTool

Pydantic AI

Tool	Description
WebSearchTool	Search the web
WebFetchTool	Fetch web pages
CodeExecutionTool	Execute code in sandbox
ImageGenerationTool	Generate images
FileSearchTool	RAG/vector search
MemoryTool	Persistent memory
MCPServerTool	MCP integration

Phidata/Agno (45+ Toolkits)

Category	Tools
Search	DuckDuckGo, GoogleSearch, Exa, SearxNG, Serpapi, Tavily
Finance	YFinanceTools, OpenBB
News	Newspaper4k, HackerNews, Arxiv, Pubmed
Database	DuckDb, Postgres, SQL
Code	Python, Shell, Calculator
Files	File, CSV, Pandas
Web	Apify, Crawl4AI, Firecrawl, Spider, Website, JinaReader
Media	Dalle, YouTube, MLXTranscribe, ModelsLabs
Communication	Email, Slack, Resend
Services	GitHub, Jira, Twitter, Zendesk, CalCom, Wikipedia

CrewAI (30+ Tools)

Category	Tools
File	FileReadTool, DirectoryReadTool, DirectorySearchTool
Web	ScrapeWebsiteTool, WebsiteSearchTool, FirecrawlCrawlWebsiteTool
Search	SerperDevTool, EXASearchTool, BraveSearchTool
Documents	PDFSearchTool, DOCXSearchTool, TXTSearchTool, MDXSearchTool
Data	CSVSearchTool, JSONSearchTool, XMLSearchTool
Code	CodeInterpreterTool, CodeDocsSearchTool, GithubSearchTool
Database	PGSearchTool
Media	YoutubeVideoSearchTool, YoutubeChannelSearchTool, DALL-E Tool

LangChain

Category	Tools
Search	DuckDuckGoSearchRun, GoogleSearchRun, BingSearchRun, WikipediaQueryRun, ArxivQueryRun
Code	PythonREPL, ShellTool
Math	LLMMathChain
HTTP	RequestsGetTool, RequestsPostTool
APIs	OpenWeatherMapQueryRun, NewsAPITool

underthesea (12 Tools)

Category	Tools
Core	current_datetime_tool, calculator_tool, string_length_tool, json_parse_tool
Web	web_search_tool, fetch_url_tool, wikipedia_tool
System	read_file_tool, write_file_tool, list_directory_tool, shell_tool, python_tool

Feature Matrix

Feature	underthesea	LangChain	OpenAI SDK	CrewAI	Phidata	smolagents
Simple API	✅	⚠️	✅	⚠️	✅	✅
Multi-agent	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
MCP Support	❌	✅	✅	❌	✅	✅
Memory	In-memory	Multiple	Session	Built-in	Built-in	❌
Streaming	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Async	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Type Safety	⚠️	⚠️	⚠️	⚠️	⚠️	⚠️
Visual Builder	❌	Flowise	❌	❌	❌	❌
Tracing	❌	LangSmith	Built-in	❌	Built-in	❌
Human-in-loop	❌	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅

Legend: ✅ Full support | ⚠️ Partial | ❌ Not supported

Provider Support

Framework	OpenAI	Azure	Anthropic	Google	AWS Bedrock	Local/Ollama
underthesea	✅	✅	❌	❌	❌	❌
LangChain	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
OpenAI SDK	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
CrewAI	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Phidata	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
smolagents	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	✅
Pydantic AI	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅	✅
Google ADK	✅	❌	✅	✅	❌	✅

Use Case Recommendations

Simple Chatbot / Q&A

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	underthesea, Pydantic AI, smolagents
Good	OpenAI SDK, Phidata
Overkill	LangChain, CrewAI, AutoGen

Multi-Agent Collaboration

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	CrewAI, AutoGen, CAMEL-AI
Good	LangGraph, OpenAI SDK, Phidata
Limited	underthesea, smolagents

RAG / Document Q&A

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	LlamaIndex, LangChain, Haystack
Good	CrewAI (with tools), Dify
Limited	underthesea, smolagents

Code Generation / Automation

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	Claude Agent SDK, OpenAI SDK
Good	LangChain, AutoGen
Limited	underthesea

Enterprise / Production

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	Semantic Kernel, AWS Strands, IBM BeeAI
Good	LangChain + LangSmith, OpenAI SDK
Prototype	underthesea, Phidata, smolagents

Visual / No-Code

Recommendation	Frameworks
Best	Flowise, Dify, Langflow, n8n
Code-first	All others

Performance Benchmarks

GAIA Benchmark (General AI Assistants)

Framework	Score	Notes
CAMEL-AI OWL	58.18%	#1 on leaderboard
AutoGen	~55%	Multi-agent
OpenAI SDK	~50%	With tools

Agent Instantiation Speed

Framework	Time	Notes
Phidata/Agno	2μs	Claims 5000x faster than LangGraph
smolagents	~10μs	Lightweight
LangGraph	~10ms	Full features

Memory Efficiency

Framework	Memory	Notes
Phidata/Agno	Low	Claims 50x more efficient
smolagents	Low	Minimal dependencies
LangChain	High	Large ecosystem

Protocol Support

MCP (Model Context Protocol)

Framework	MCP Client	MCP Server	Notes
OpenAI SDK	✅	❌	HostedMCPTool
LangChain	✅	✅	Full support
Pydantic AI	✅	❌	MCPServerTool
Google ADK	✅	✅	Native support
Dify	✅	✅	MCP Apps
Langflow	✅	✅	v1.7+
smolagents	✅	❌	Latest specs
underthesea	❌	❌	Not supported

A2A (Agent-to-Agent Protocol)

Framework	Support	Notes
IBM BeeAI	✅	ACP merged with A2A
AWS Strands	✅	Built-in
Google ADK	✅	Native
Others	❌	Not yet

Conclusion

When to Use underthesea Agent

Good for:

• Simple Vietnamese NLP chatbots
• Quick prototyping
• Minimal dependencies
• OpenAI/Azure OpenAI only

Not ideal for:

• Multi-agent systems
• Production at scale
• Complex workflows
• Multiple LLM providers

Migration Path

If you outgrow underthesea agents:

1. More providers → Pydantic AI, Phidata
2. Multi-agent → CrewAI, AutoGen
3. Production → LangChain + LangSmith, AWS Strands
4. Visual → Flowise, Dify, Langflow